Nginx的基本功能及配置

查找 Nginx 进程/安装目录

ps aux | grep nginx

查看配置文件 nginx.conf 路径

条命令也可以用于检查配置文件是否正确
```
nginx -t
```

全局查找 Nginx 配置文件

# 从 / 根目录下查找文件名为 nginx.conf 的文件
find / -name nginx.conf
# 从 /etc 目录下查找文件名为 nginx.conf 的文件
find /etc -name nginx.conf

默认的 nginx 配置文件 nginx.conf 内容

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

nginx 文件结构

...              #全局块

events {         #events块
  ...
}

http      #http块
{
    ...   #http全局块
    server        #server块
    { 
        ...       #server全局块
        location [PATTERN]   #location块
        {
            ...
        }
        location [PATTERN] 
        {
            ...
        }
    }
    server
    {
      ...
    }
    ...     #http全局块
}

### 1、全局块：配置影响nginx全局的指令。一般有运行nginx服务器的用户组，nginx进程pid存放路径，日志存放路径，配置文件引入，允许生成worker process数等。

### 2、events块：配置影响nginx服务器或与用户的网络连接。有每个进程的最大连接数，选取哪种事件驱动模型处理连接请求，是否允许同时接受多个网路连接，开启多个网络连接序列化等。

### 3、http块：可以嵌套多个server，配置代理，缓存，日志定义等绝大多数功能和第三方模块的配置。如文件引入，mime-type定义，日志自定义，是否使用sendfile传输文件，连接超时时间，单连接请求数等。

### 4、server块：配置虚拟主机的相关参数，一个http中可以有多个server。

### 5、location块：配置请求的路由，以及各种页面的处理情况。